What is a thyroid disorder?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck that produces hormones to regulate metabolism. Thyroid disorders refer to conditions that cause the thyroid to become overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism).
Some key facts about thyroid disorders:
- An estimated 20 million Americans have some type of thyroid disease, but more than half remain undiagnosed. Women are 5-8 times more likely than men to develop problems.
- Common causes include autoimmune diseases, iodine deficiency, radiation exposure, medications, pregnancy, and family history.
- Symptoms depend on the type of disorder but may include weight changes, fatigue, temperature sensitivity, heart palpitations, digestive issues, and changes in menstruation.
- Thyroid disorders are typically managed through medications that regulate hormone levels and monitoring through blood tests and physical exams.
What are the main types of thyroid problems?
The most common thyroid disorders include:
- Hypothyroidism - Underactive thyroid with symptoms like fatigue, weakness, weight gain, and feeling cold. It is most often caused by Hashimoto's disease.
- Hyperthyroidism - Overactive thyroid causing sudden weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased sweating, and nervousness. The most common cause is Graves' disease.
- Goiter - Enlarged thyroid gland forming a lump in the neck. Can be related to iodine deficiency or other imbalances.
- Thyroid nodules - Lumps that develop inside the thyroid, which may require biopsy to check for cancer risk.
- Thyroid cancer - Uncommon cancer, but rates have risen in recent decades. Often curable with surgery and radioactive iodine treatment.
- Thyroiditis - Swelling of the thyroid gland causing pain and possible short-term hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism before resolving.
The good news is that most types of thyroid problems are manageable with modern treatment. Getting an accurate diagnosis through blood tests and imaging is the first step to feeling better. Pay attention to body changes and talk to your doctor if you are experiencing any thyroid-related symptoms. Small lifestyle adjustments like managing stress levels can also keep your thyroid healthy.
Let me know if you have any other questions!